ADHD UK Medication
ADHD medications are 'controlled drugs' that require a specialist physician to prescribe them. They are referred to as stimulants and comprise the family of methylphenidates (Ritalin, Concerta etc), the amphetamine salts and Atomoxetine.
Other non-medical treatments like talk therapy are also suggested. While medications can aid in managing symptoms, they don't change negative coping mechanisms.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed ADHD drug in the UK. It is also used to treat narcolepsy as well as various other psychiatric issues. It is available in immediate-release tablets as well as extended-release capsules. The extended-release version takes longer to dissolve and provides long-lasting effects. It is prescribed for a short time period and the dosage is determined by the individual's symptoms.
In general, stimulant medications boost the activity of areas of the brain which control behaviour and attention. They are sometimes referred to as "cognitive enhancements" and assist people to pay attention, concentrate and stay on task. Methylphenidate boosts activity in the brain regions that are inactive within ADHD patients. Visit Homepage can also improve your body's energy use. It is sold under the brand name Ritalin.
A recent study revealed that the UK has seen an eight-fold increase in the number of prescriptions for methylphenidate in the past two decades. This is a serious public health issue and may indicate that ADHD is being misdiagnosed in the UK. Researchers looked at information from the Clinical Practice Research Database, which provides information about all NHS patients who were registered in England with a GP from 1992 until 2013. The study focused on medications that were approved by the British National Formulary for ADHD and classified as CNS stimulants. This includes atomoxetine, methylphenidate (including methylphenidate instant-release and methylphenidate prolonged release) dexamphetamine, and its derivative lisdexamfetamine aswell modafinil. Pemoline is no longer licensed in the UK because of liver toxicity and was therefore excluded from the study.
The study found that methylphenidate was the most commonly prescribed drug prescribed in children aged 5 and under, with almost 25% of children being prescribed it. Despite the fact that National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NIHCE) guidelines recommend that medication is only a first-line treatment for children suffering from severe ADHD symptoms This is exactly what was observed. They recommend parents look into psychotherapy.
The findings suggest that the increase in methylphenidate prescriptions is partly down to the availability of mental health services however, it could also be due to the growing recognition of ADHD among young people and the increasing desire to seek diagnosis and treatment. There are also likely to be cases of inappropriate prescribing methylphenidate to adolescents and young adults.
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline receptor inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat ADHD in adolescents and children. It also serves as an option for treating anxiety-related symptoms that are comorbid. It is not a stimulant and has a low risk of abuse. It has been shown to be effective in clinical studies and is a viable option for children who have not responded to stimulants. The long-term safety is unknown.
Atomoxetine is different from other ADHD medication. It boosts the amount of a chemical within the brain that is known as noradrenaline. This chemical is responsible for transmitting messages between nerve cells and increasing its levels can enhance concentration and control impulses. It is available in capsule form, and is taken one each day. The medication is usually taken in conjunction with other treatments, like psychological therapy, educational support, and cognitive therapy for behavioural problems.
In one study, atomoxetine proved to be more effective at treating ADHD symptoms than a placebo. It is well-tolerated and has a lower side effect risk than stimulants particularly for children. Furthermore, a cost-effectiveness analysis showed that treatment methods that included the use of atomoxetine were more expensive than those that used dexamfetamine or methylphenidate.
This medication has been linked to some serious side effects, including suicidal thoughts. Speak to your doctor immediately if you child exhibits these signs. In addition, atomoxetine can interact with certain medicines such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like phenelzine. If your child is taking MAOIs stop the medication and consult your doctor to recommend a suitable alternative.
There are people who suffer from stomach pain, fatigue or a decrease in appetite. These side effects can be either severe or mild depending on the person. Atomoxetine is linked to an extremely rare but serious condition called hepatic dysfunction, which can cause liver failure. In certain instances, this can be fatal. It is important to consult your doctor if you have suffered from liver issues or other health issues in the past.
It is essential to inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including herbal and complementary treatments. This includes prescription and non-prescription drugs such as vitamins, minerals, and vitamins. It is essential to inform your doctor if taking any other ADHD medications, like methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine. Tell your doctor if either you or your child is breastfeeding, pregnant or is considering becoming pregnant.
Dexamfetamine
Dexamfetamine is a stimulant and is used to treat ADHD among adults. It improves concentration and attention, reduce the impulsive behavior, and improve mood. It is a drink or as a capsule or solution. It is important that you take it as prescribed by your doctor. If you stop taking too much or stop abruptly can cause problems. Do not drive or operate machinery while you are taking this medication. Also, don't carry the medication around without the prescription. Always keep the proof that you were prescribed the medication. You should bring your medication with you to school or at work in case you require it during the day.
Dexamfetamine should be taken with caution in patients who have epilepsy-related disorders because it may lower the convulsive threshold. It should not used in patients who have a history of heart or blood vessel disorders, such a coronary heart disease and high blood pressure. It is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is excreted into breast milk, and therefore there is a potential risk for the infant.
If symptoms of ADHD become worse, a check-up with the prescriber is recommended. This will help determine if the condition is controlled through medication and if the medications are appropriate. This will allow the doctor to alter dosages or switch to alternative treatments if needed.
A doctor will place the patient at a lower dose and gradually increase the dosage to make sure they receive the appropriate dose of medication for them. It is recommended to take your tablets at the same time each day, ideally along with food. This will make it easier to remember to take them and it can decrease the chances of missing doses.
In addition to taking medication, people who suffer from ADHD can benefit from psychoeducation and therapy. This can help children as well as adults learn to cope with their condition. Therapy can also help them deal with other issues, like anxiety or depression. Psychoeducation is a combination between educational materials and professional assistance, while therapeutic therapy can be either behavioural or cognitive.
Modafinil
Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting prescription drug that reduces extreme sleepiness that accompanies conditions such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and shift work sleep disorder. It is also used off-label to treat symptoms of ADHD in adults who are old or older. It is not approved for such use and should be taken only under the supervision of a physician. It is available only with a prescription and should be stored in a safe area away from children. Follow the instructions on the prescription label. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for clarification if you do not comprehend any aspect of the medication.
The NHS website describes Modafinil as a sleep-inducing central nervous system stimulant. Modafinil is prescribed for the treatment of the symptoms of narcolepsy, but it is extensively used by people suffering from Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and fatigue caused by sleep apnea/hypopnea as well as shift work. It is also a popular option for executives, students and military personnel who have to stay alert.
A recent survey of UK students found that one in five have taken an "smart drug" to boost their concentration during their examinations. Jack Rivlin (24), editor of The Tab, a student newspaper based in Farringdon, London told BBC Newsbeat he bought modafinil for PS130 on an offshore site last term to aid him with his revision.
He admits that modafinil has helped him keep track of notes and also pass his test, even though he claims that he doesn't believe that it makes him smarter. These drugs are not miracle cures, and they can cause serious side-effects.
In addition to its wakefulness-promoting effects, modafinil can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems in some patients, especially those with heart disease. Modafinil could also interact negatively with certain medications like antidepressants or sedatives. It is possible that you will experience withdrawal symptoms and become dependent on the drug if you suddenly stop taking it.
Like methylphenidate and atomoxetine, modafinil is classified as a class B drug, which means that it's illegal to possess and supply. If you are caught, you may face up to five-years in prison.